In most cases, measuring the voltage is quite simple. Just pick up any old cheap multimeter, connect the probe, and read the answer. However, if you need to measure very small voltages, the problem becomes more complex. [Jaromir sukuba] specially designed a nanovoltmeter to deal with this thorny problem.
Nanovoltmeter is exactly what it sounds like: a voltmeter that is sensitive and stable enough to measure and report nanovolt level voltage. When it comes to measuring very small resistance or using very small differential voltage, it is very useful to have a tool that can do this reliably.
In order to reduce the noise source and instability, the design of this instrument is very complex. The analog-to-digital converter must be of high quality and must be powered by its own power supply to avoid excessive noise. There are low noise amplifiers and various specialized subsystems to handle this task. There is even a 3D printed cover to prevent airflow from passing through the voltage reference, thereby reducing the noise caused by thermal changes.
Nevertheless, [Jaromir sukuba] has done a lot of work in exploring what it takes to make a nanovoltmeter and has made a good explanation for novices in the field of accurate measurement. The resulting instrument can also measure between noise peaks of less than 25 nanovolts. This is a great feat, and those who want to know how to do it have a good resource to learn how to do it.
We’ve seen other tricky measuring devices before. Did you know that you may already have a nano ammeter available? Now you know!